Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies† (2025)

Biology of Reproduction, volume105, issue1, pages7-31

Abdelrahman AlAshqar 1, 2

,

Lauren Reschke 1

,

Gregory W. Kirschen 1

,

MOSTAFA A. BORAHAY 1

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 2 affiliations

1

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA |

2

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait |

Publication type:Journal Article

Publication date:2021-03-19

Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies† (1)

Society for the Study of Reproduction

Journal: Biology of Reproduction

scimago Q1

wos Q2

SJR:1.022

CiteScore:6.3

Impact factor:3.1

ISSN:00063363, 15297268

Copy DOI

PubMed ID: 33739368

General Medicine

Cell Biology

Reproductive Medicine

Abstract

Emerging evidence supports the notion that inflammation fosters the development of common benign gynecologic disorders, including uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Numerous cytokines, chemokines, and growth and transcription factors have indisputable roles in the establishment and maintenance of benign gynecologic disorders by initiating complex cascades that promote proliferation, angiogenesis, and lesion progression. The interaction between inflammation and benign gynecologic disorders is orchestrated by a plethora of factors, including sex steroids, genetics, epigenetics, extracellular matrix, stem cells, cardiometabolic risk factors, diet, vitamin D, and the immune system. The role of inflammation in these disorders is not limited to local pathobiology but also extends to involve clinical sequelae that range from those confined to the reproductive tract, such as infertility and gynecologic malignancies, to systemic complications such as cardiovascular disease. Enhanced understanding of the intricate mechanisms of this association will introduce us to unvisited pathophysiological perspectives and guide future diagnostic and therapeutic implications aimed at reducing the burden of these disorders. Utilization of inflammatory markers, microRNA, and molecular imaging as diagnostic adjuncts may be valuable, noninvasive techniques for prompt detection of benign gynecologic disorders. Further, use of novel as well as previously established therapeutics, such as immunomodulators, hormonal treatments, cardiometabolic medications, and cyclooxygenase-2 and NF-κB inhibitors, can target inflammatory pathways involved in their pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we aim to dissect the existing literature on the role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders, including the proposed underlying mechanisms and complex interactions, its contribution to clinical sequelae, and the clinical implications this role entails.

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Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies† (2025)
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